My husband an international level mountain terrain biker, recently decided to literally step into marathon race. One day he remarked that even I could have done it. Feeling encouraged I decided that I would also take up running and soon I will be winning marathons.
So the first step is to gear up, in practical terms. I ended up in an expensive sports clothing and shoes store and bought all what I considered essentials; and my teenage sons remarked to be extravagance. The alarm went off at five next morning, my husband sleepily grumphed , ” turn it off”. I jumped out of the bed and asked him to get up and join me. He did not deign to reply. I got ready, and woke up my husband again to tell me about stretching exercises. His answer was,” check on the net. “
It took me 15 minutes to find something, which I considered, suitable on YouTube. Further fifteen minutes of warm up and I was good to go. As I stepped out and I saw a horde of stray dogs growling at each other and beat a hasty retreat, back inside the house. Again I entreated my husband to accompany me, which fell on deaf ears. Then I woke up my sons, who were thoroughly grumpy , ” Mom don’t wake us in the middle of the night.”
” There are stray dogs outside. Get up and accompany me for running.” I said sternly.
” Take a stick.” said my wise old son.
Accepting the good advice, I tried finding a stick. Unfortunately there was not a stick in sight. Not even a baseball bat or hockey stick. I tried to improvise with large ladle, wiper, cricket bat; either too small or too large. It was already six thirty and my routine household tasks were looming large. So I shelved the idea.
At breakfast my husband asked me about the run and it was all the opening I needed. Tirade started about women not having enough time to pursue fitness regime. It was monologue; and father and sons ate their breakfast in silence.
About one hour later my husband asked me whether I was free. When I replied in affirmative, he said, ” let’s go for running practice.” It took me half an hour to get ready. When I stated that I was ready, my husband was sitting with his feet up on a stool. He shouted for our younger son to bring his shoes.
As I fumed, he said quite calmly,” have you got your ear phones?” I shook my head and went to get those. As I came back he asked ” have you got handkerchief?” I shook my head and quickly went back. By now he was standing smartly all ready, as he said ” shall we?”
As we reached the park, warm up exercises started. A twist here, a jump there, a rotation here, and a bend there. My husband started forward lunges, which I tried to imitate and promptly fell in a heap.
“I told you to keep your balance.” My husband remarked as he continued with his routine.
” Give me a hand to get up.” I glared at him.
” Let’s run.” My husband stated as I tried to dust my brand new clothes, clean.
Nodding, I followed my husband jogging, on the path. By three hundred meters I was panting and at four hundred meters I stopped to catch my breath. I realised I could no longer see my husband. So I forced myself to move forward. After fifteen minutes of slow walking I stopped again, as my husband came back.
” What happened to you? I had to come back after three kilometres only.” He demanded. ” I am tired. You should remember it is my first time.” I was icy.
He peered at me and said ” Oh well! Let’s go back “
For days afterwards I had cramps; and decided to take it easy, which is continuing till today.
Finally, I managed to submit my thesis for Ph.D. It took me six long years to reach this stage but reach did I.
Surprisingly it was not the struggle, effort, confusion or hard work of six years that was overwhelming, it was the last one week. The week wherein I had not only to get the thesis in order but also to navigate the plethora of red tape designed to discourage even the strongest of all; in order to hand over the typed thesis. May be that is the reason, this challenging aspect is never mentioned during the research phase.
All those research scholars, hoping to complete Ph.D from IGNOU will it find it useful. It is basically a guide to Final Submission of Thesis in IGNOU.
I am dividing the final submission in two parts: Thesis and Forms
THESIS:
Now thesis has been written, approved by the supervisor, and pre submission seminar is over. So now there is a 90 days window to convert this thesis into acceptable form (acceptable to supervisor, department and finally Research Unit).
The thesis needs to be written in 12 font Times New Roman, with 1.5 spacing and margins of 1.5 on the left and 1.25 on the right, up and down.
Thesis cannot have underlines for headings.
Thesis must have references in APA format.
Table headings and figure headings also in APA format. From the very beginning go with the word Heading (MS word Home- has Heading 1, heading 2 etc.). learn to use these for chapter titles also. This will help at the end in creation of Table of Content, List of Tables and List of Figures.
Check and recheck the title of thesis against the approved DRC minutes (in which the thesis title was approved), in order to avoid even a single comma mistake.
Similarly, check and recheck name and enrolment number before thesis goes into print.
Thesis has to be hard bound in red with gold lettering (that is current pattern, it may change without any further notice at any time). Research Unit requires 4 copies of thesis. So, 6 copies are sufficient including supervisor copy and student copy. Better take color printouts.
Thesis Cover page has to be in a specific style which changes from time to time and may be different for different departments. I have uploaded the one acceptable in School of Management Studies and presumably by Research Unit.
In the thesis four certificates are to be enclosed:
Declaration from the Research Scholar
Originality Certificate from the Research Scholar
Originality Certificate from the Research Supervisor.
Plagiarism Report obtained from IGNOU Library.
(The process of getting this report is explained later: point 5 in ‘Forms to be Submitted’)
These certificates may or may not be signed (except Plagiarism report which is signed). These are part of all copies of the thesis. After final printing, but before submission, these are to be signed in original by the research scholar and the research supervisor (with stamp).
Thesis at the end in Annexures must contain the papers that were published by the Research Scholar during Ph.D. Attach copies of these papers, in all the copies of the thesis.
Along with the thesis a summary is to be submitted. Summary is usually 15-18 pages long, does not have any format. It is also being asked to be bound with red and gold, however it is soft bound.
Another requirement is to submit one CD, containing
A. Thesis in full in Word format,
B. Thesis in full in PDF format,
C. and parts of thesis which are :
01 Title
02 Preliminary pages (title, certificates, dedication, acknowledgements, list of tables, list of graphs etc.)
Now the issue with CD, is that the out of the four certificates to be uploaded (which are enclosed with the printed thesis), three may not be signed. So before scanning and uploading, these certificates to CD, it is essential that these three are signed. So, get one certificate of originality signed from the Research Supervisor beforehand. Two certificates (declaration and originality certificate) are to be signed by the research scholar.
On the CD write name, enrolment number, thesis title, and the department name.
CD is to be signed by the research scholar and the research supervisor. (Keep a CD writer pen handy)
CD, while submission of thesis, needs to be physically examined by the Research Unit that it is in working order. Research scholar has to take it personally to the Research unit and get it examined.
FORMS TO BE SUBMITTED:
Create a file/ plastic folder for all the forms to be submitted.
There are two groups of forms and I am segregating these in group A and Group B for convenience‘s sake ( IGNOU does not make this distinction).
Group A Forms: There are six annexures in this group. Out of which Annexure VI is a page of guidelines relating to CD and plagiarism check. Read these guidelines carefully.
In Group A forms:
Annexure -I Certificate of originality (signed by the research scholar, this is part of the thesis- para 9(ii) under the heading ‘Thesis’)
Annexure-II Student Approval form for Uploading the thesis on Shodhganga
Annexure-III Plagiarism Report (to be obtained from the library)
Annexure-IV Certificate for Exclusion of Self Published Work
Annexure-V Co Authors Certificate, in case there are any in the published papers.
These six annexures and the notification dated Oct.11, 2018; are available at the following link of IGNOU:
These may change without any information, at a moments notice. So, ensure from the Research Unit that correct and current formats are being used
Plagiarism Report: It is a very important document and similarity index must be below 10% for the thesis to be acceptable. To obtain this document, the following steps need to be followed:
The Supervisor has to submit the entire thesis in word file and Pdf file format to the library (Deputy Librarian). The name of the file of the thesis, has to be- name of the research scholar PhD thesis (enrolment number).
The current guidelines in this regard are:
1. Complete the thesis in all aspects. (Title to End page)
2. Make a pdf copy with reference.
3. Make a word file without reference.
4. Rename your file as XYZ PhD thesis (Enrol No) i.e Anil Kumar PhD thesis (170012101)
6. Matter: Request for plagiarism check and the issue of the certificate.
7. It should go through Supervisor mail only.
8. Kindly submit all annexures (particularly Annex-3,4,5) (filled annexure without date) in hard copy to Deputy Librarian (Room No-105, Library) prior to the plagiarism check process.
9. Collect the report and certificate the next day after mailing the thesis.
10. Annexures are available on the Research Unit website.
The six annexures of group A ( five filled annexures and sixth page of guidelines ) and copy of notification issued by Research Unit dated October 11, 2018; are to be handed over in the Library( Deputy Librarian), personally by the Research Scholar.
Next collect the Plagiarism report i.e. the whole bunch in which Plagiarism report should be filled and signed by two officers of the library.
This plagiarism report has to be part of the thesis, mentioned at point 9 (iv) under Heading ‘Thesis’.
Group B forms: These forms are available on the IGNOU website in Research Unit at
Certificate of presentation of Seminar/Conference Paper ( two are required: attach proof for outside conferences. For two internal IGNOU seminars, attach minutes of DRC and minutes of School Board; which will be available with the department’s office))
Certificate Of Publication of Paper ( at least one paper in peer reviewed journal is required to be published; although this condition may change soon. Attach proof of publication)
Certificate of Completion of Coursework ( from the grade card fill out the credits, Attach copy of Grade card also)
Certificate of completion of pre submission seminar ( attach minutes of DRC and minutes of School Board- to be obtained from the department’s office)
Certificate of originality of Research ( signed by Research supervisor, this is part of the thesis; para 9(iii) under the heading ‘Thesis’)
Registration form for 2nd and 3rd year ( attach fee receipts for 2nd year fees paid and 3rd year fees paid)
Certificate of Submission of Progress Reports. ( fill the dates carefully after tallying with department’s office)
Declaration of the Research Scholar ( this is part of the thesis- para 9(i) under the heading ‘Thesis’). Format for this declaration, is not available on website. I have enclosed it on this blog).
There are two more certificates for research scholars availing fellowship. As I was not availing fellowship, I did not face the procedure related to those.
Again possibility of change in the format of forms or addition/ deletion of forms is always there. So check with Research Unit beforehand. These forms need to signed by Research Supervisor and Research Coordinator, as mentioned on the forms.
Last but not the least the forms need to be arranged in the order specified by Research unit. The order is:
Four copies of Ph.D thesis
Five copies of summary of Ph.D Thesis
2 CDs
Registration letter bearing enrolment number ( that was issued at the very beginning of Ph.D.
Registration fee receipts for 2nd and 3rd of Ph.D programme for students admitted prior to 2019
Grade card
Annexure-I Certificate of Originality
Approval form for uploading of thesis on Shodhganga (annexure-II)
Plagiarism report (annexure-III, in original)
Urkund Analysis result ( this is a page is available along with the Plagiarism report)
Certificate of exclusion of self published papers ( annexure-IV)
Co authors’ certificate ( Annexure-V)
Certificate of completion of course work
Certificate of publication of research work ( with proof)
Certificate of submission of progress reports
Certificate of presentation of seminars ( with proof)
Certificate of submission/ presentation of pre submission seminar
The first three are handed over separately and remaining iv to xvii are arranged in a plastic file folder and handed over to research supervisor, who performs the further necessary formality of submission.
COVER PAGE
DECLARATION
I, ____________, Enrolment Number ____________, hereby declare that the research embodied in this thesis entitled “_______________________________________________” is an original research work done by me under the supervision of _____________________, School of Management Studies, IGNOU for the award of Doctor of Philosophy in Management from Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi.
I hereby also declare that no part of this thesis, fully of partly, has been submitted to this or at any other University/Institution for the award of any Research Degree/Diploma.
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
January 04, 2024
News Capsule:
Hundreds of pages of unsealed documents from a lawsuit connected to accused sex-trafficker Jeffrey Epstein were publicly released on January 03. This is the first set of documents to be unsealed under a December 18 court order, with more expected in the coming weeks. Former US President Bill Clinton and UK Prince Andrew feature in it.
Supreme Court of India, ordered the country’s market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India, to conclude its investigation into the Adani Group within 3 monthsand said that no further probes are needed. The ruling, which comes almost one year after the US short-seller Hindenburg Research accused the sprawling Indian conglomerate of “brazen stock manipulation and accounting fraud scheme”.
Russia and Ukraine exchanged hundreds of prisoners of war, the first such exchange in months in ongoing war which has been continuing for past the 22 months.
More than 95 Iranians were killed and scores more injured in a terrorist attack at a ceremony in Iran to commemorate the assassination of a top general
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
January 03, 2024
News Capsule:
Five people were killed when a Japan Airlines plane carrying hundreds of passengers collided with an earthquake relief aircraft and burst into flames on landing at Tokyo’s Haneda airport on January 2nd.
Harvard President Claudine Gay announced Tuesday she is stepping down just six months into her presidencyamid a firestorm of controversy at the university. She resigned after facing allegations of plagiarism and criticism over her comments about antisemitism on campus.
One of Hamas’s most senior officials, Saleh al-Arouri, has been killed in an Israeli drone strike in Beirut (Lebnon) that threatens a significant and dangerous escalation of Israel’s war against Hamas and its related conflict with the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah.
Chinese company BYD sold more electric vehicles than Elon Musk’s Tesla in the last three months of 2023 as the two battled for top spot in the sector. BYD said on January 1st, that it had sold a record 526,000 battery-only vehicles in the final quarter of 2023.
As Russia begins its 2024 BRICS chairmanship, President Vladimir Putin has emphasised the motto “strengthening multilateralism for equitable global development and security”. BRICS now has 10 countries as members including Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. Original five members are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
January 02, 2024
News Capsule:
The death toll has been estimated to be at least 15 after a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the west coast of Japan on the new Year, 01 January.
The earthquake that hit central Japan on Monday has triggered Tsunami warnings in Japan, North Korea, and Russia. The Kremlin confirmed the reports of Tsunami warnings in Russia’s Far East region and said the evacuations are being carried out to relocate the people to safer areas.
A court in Bangladesh has sentenced the Nobel laureate Muhammad Yunus to six months in jail for violating the country’s labour laws.
The leader of South Korea’s political opposition, Lee Jae-Myung has been stabbed at a news conference in the southern port city of Busan. Lee Jae-myung, who narrowly lost the presidential elections in 2022, was stabbed on the left side of his neck on Jna.02 morning.
The idol of ‘Ram Lalla’ carved by Karnataka’s renowned sculptor Arun Yogiraj will adorn the grand Ram temple in Ayodhya. The Ram temple is set for opening on January 22 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
A new morning, a new day and a new year. As Lord Alfred Tennyson said, “let the great world spin for ever down the ringing groves of change.” Its time to move forward towards new horizons and ring in the change we have always wanted.
Wishing you all a very happy new year.
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
JANUARY 01, 2024
News Capsule:
The US Navy says it sank three Houthi boats after they attacked a container ship off the coast of Yemen. The Houthis have been carrying out a spate of attacks on ships, which they say are revenge against Israel for its military campaign in Gaza.
CNN Business’ staff chose Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella as the CEO of the Year, beating out other contenders including Chase CEO Jamie Dimon, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang. In 2023 Microsoft made a multi-billion dollar investment in AI, commercialized and added AI tools like ChatGPT into its suite of products before rivals.
The queen of Denmark has announced that she is to abdicate after 52 years on the throne. Announcing the surprise news to the nation in her new year speech, Queen Margrethe II said she would step down on 14 January, the 52nd anniversary of her accession, leaving the throne to her son, Crown Prince Frederik.
India will begin the New Year today with an effort to solve one of the biggest mysteries of the universe — black holes. A rocket- XPoSAT will lift off today carrying an advanced astronomy observatory meant to study black holes and neutron stars.
Vinesh Phogat, one of India’s most decorated women wrestlers, left the prestigious awards: Khel Ratna and Arjuna award, on a roadside kerb after she was refused permission to meet Prime Minister Narendra Modi. She and several wrestlers accuse former Wrestling Federation of India (WFI) chief Brij Bhushan Singh of sexually harassing women wrestlers for years.
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
This is the last post for this year, as the winter break starts and it is time to travel. We will meet again in the new year. Till then, Au Revoir!
December 23, 2023
News Capsule:
The UN security council has voted for a resolution calling for large-scale delivery of aid to Gaza in an effort to contain the imminent threat of famine and deadly epidemics. The resolution did not however demand a suspension of hostilities, which was opposed by the US, which also insisted on removing a clause giving the UN exclusive control of humanitarian deliveries
French police were questioning two men on December 22, a day after officials grounded a Nicaragua-bound plane carrying more than 300 Indian passengers over suspected “human trafficking.”
Emmanuel Macron, President of France, will be the chief guest for the 75th Republic Day celebrations. PM Narendra Modi was the guest of honour at the Bastille Day Parade held on July 14 in Paris.
India’s top wrestler, Sakshi Malik, has quit the sport in protest over her federation’s new president. Sanjay Singh was elected the chief of the Wrestling Federation of India (WFI).Mr Singh is reportedly a close aide of WFI’s former chief, Brij Bhushan Singh, who has been accused of sexually harassing female wrestlers. Mr Singh denies the allegations.
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
December 22, 2023
News Capsule:
Rudy Giuliani, former lawyer of Donald Trump ( former President of USA) has filed for bankruptcy in federal court in New York on December 21, just days after a jury ordered him to pay nearly $150 million to two former Georgia election workers for defamation.
A shooter killed at least 14 people and wounded 25 others at a university in Prague on Thursday in the deadliest mass shooting the Czech Republic has seen in decades. The shooter a 24 years old man was also shot down.
The Lok Sabha and the Raya Sabha of India, passed three bills that seek to replace old criminal laws — the Indian Penal Code (IPC), Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC), and the Indian Evidence Act. The Rajya Sabha also cleared the Telecommunications Bill, 2023. The three new criminal law Bills set to replace the old ones are named Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha (Second) Sanhita and Bharatiya Sakshya (Second) Bill.
The actor Vin Diesel, of the Fast and Furious franchise, has been accused of sexual battery by a former assistant in a lawsuit filed on December 21.
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
December 21, 2023
News Capsule:
Union Home Minister of India, Amit Shah on December 20, informed the Lok Sabha that the Centre is planning to bring an important amendment in the criminal law bill, which aims to exempt doctors from criminal prosecution in cases of death due to medical negligence.
Indian authorities are on alert amid the emergence of a new coronavirus subvariant JN.1, with the scientific community closely investigating the strain. A total of 21 Covid-19 cases of JN.1 sub-variant have been detected so far across the country. There are approximately 2300 active coronavirus cases in the country.
An eight-year-old British schoolgirl, Bodhana Sivanadan, won the women’s first prize in the Blitz category at this year’s European Rapid and Blitz Chess Championship in Zagreb, Croatia; a competition, which attracted 555 players, including 48 grandmasters (GM) and 50 international masters (IM).
England goalkeeper Mary Earps has been voted BBC Sports Personality of the Year 2023. Earps, 30, was the Lionesses’ standout player as they reached a first World Cup final in the summer and was rewarded with the Golden Glove for the best goalkeeper at the tournament. England cricketer Stuart Broad was second, with world heptathlon champion Katarina Johnson-Thompson third.
Last year in December, scientists at the National Ignition Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California (LLNL), USA, managed, in a world first, to produce a nuclear fusion reaction that released more energy than it used, in a process called “ignition.” Now they say they have successfully replicated ignition at least three times this year.
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
December 20, 2023
News Capsule:
In a stunning decision, the Colorado Supreme Court in USA removed former President Donald Trump from the state’s 2024 ballot, ruling that he isn’t an eligible presidential candidate because of the 14th Amendment’s “insurrectionist ban.” The ruling will be placed on hold until January 4, pending Trump’s appeal to the US Supreme Court, which could settle the matter for the nation.
The United States on December 19, announced a 10-nation coalition to quell Houthi missile and drone attacks on ships transiting the Red Sea, with Britain, France, Bahrain and Italy among countries joining the “multinational security initiative.”
The World Health Organization (WHO) on December 19, classified the JN.1 coronavirus strain as a “variant of interest”, but said it did not pose much threat to public health.
COVID cases that have been surging in countries such as the US, China, and Singapore, have also seen an uptick in India. The country recorded 288 new coronavirus infections, while the active cases have increased to 1,970, according to the Union Health Ministry data updated on December 19.
The Kerala and. Karnataka state health department have asked elderly, those with comorbidities (especially kidney, heart, and liver ailments), pregnant women, and lactating mothers should wear face masks when outdoors
The Telecommunications Bill, 2023 in India, has paved way for administrative allocation of satellite spectrum. This will allow big tech players like Starlink, Amazon etc. to participate in allocation of spectrum.
This small page or blog is for all those students in India, struggling over current affairs and general knowledge, so essential for competitive exams. Every day get a brief capsule of news gleaned from different international and national newspapers, which are important in terms of competitive exams in India.
It will be convenient for the reader to copy paste in in a separate file on the mobile/ computer/ tablet. Create a single word file with daily news pages in brief. If required highlight the news items which one would like to read about, in detail.
Author is an officer of Indian Civil Services, 1998 batch.
December 19, 2023
News Capsule:
At least 111 people have died and more than 200 others were injured after an earthquake occurred in northwest China’s Gansu Province.
Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi has won a third term with 89.6 percent of the vote in the Arab world’s most populous nation.
In the first week of this month, between December 3 to December 9, the estimated number of Covid-19 cases rose to 56,043 in Singapore. In light of the fresh surge in coronavirus cases, the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Singapore advised mask usage in crowded places, particularly indoors, and urged travellers to adopt precautions.
A rape is a rape even if it is committed by the victim’s husband, the Gujarat High Court recently observed while highlighting how several countries have criminalised marital rape. Further, the Court spoke about the need to change the social attitude of ‘boys will be boys’ which trivialises or normalises the offences of eve teasing and stalking.
Around 10 PM local time, a volcano on Iceland’s Reykjanes peninsula started erupting, following an earthquake.
Oil and natural gas prices rose sharply on December 18, after BP said it would pause all shipments through the Red Sea because of increased attacks on commercial vessels by Houthi militants from Yemen.
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